Top 3 Online Computer Engineering Programs 2025
Arizona State University
Leading online engineering platform with 2,400+ students, virtual labs, and 85% job placement rate
Penn State World Campus
Same curriculum as on-campus with virtual circuit simulation labs and industry partnerships
Southern New Hampshire University
Accelerated 8-week courses, 24/7 support, and strong focus on embedded systems
- 1.134 accredited online programs analyzed using IPEDS 2023 completion data (CIP 14.0901)
- 2.Online graduation rates average 72%, compared to 75% for on-campus computer engineering programs
- 3.Median tuition of $15,200/year for online programs vs $12,890 for traditional on-campus
- 4.Starting salaries for online graduates average $78,000, within 3% of on-campus counterparts (BLS OEWS May 2024)
Online Computer Engineering Degree Overview: Quality Without Compromise
Online computer engineering degrees have evolved dramatically since 2020, with top universities now offering programs that match on-campus quality while providing unprecedented flexibility. Our analysis of 134 ABET-accredited online programs reveals that graduates earn comparable salaries and achieve similar job placement rates to their on-campus counterparts.
The key difference lies in delivery methods: Arizona State University's online program uses advanced simulation software and virtual labs that mirror real hardware, while Penn State World Campus maintains the same faculty and curriculum as their prestigious on-campus program. Students gain expertise in both hardware design and software development, preparing for careers in embedded systems engineering, firmware development, and IoT device creation.
Online learning platforms now support complex engineering coursework through virtual circuit simulation, remote access to lab equipment, and real-time collaboration tools. Programs like Southern New Hampshire University offer accelerated pathways that allow working professionals to complete degrees in 3-4 years while maintaining full-time employment.
Based on 134 programs from IPEDS 2023, BLS OEWS May 2024, ABET Database 2024
ABET accreditation, graduation rates, faculty credentials, virtual lab quality
Learning management system, simulation tools, virtual labs, student support
Job placement rates, starting salaries, employer recognition
Course scheduling, academic advising, technical support availability
Top 30 Online Computer Engineering Programs 2025
| Rank | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arizona State University | Tempe, AZ | Public | $11,618 | 81% | Yes | 94.8 |
| 2 | Penn State World Campus | University Park, PA | Public | $18,454 | 79% | Yes | 92.6 |
| 3 | Southern New Hampshire University | Manchester, NH | Private | $15,000 | 71% | Yes | 89.4 |
| 4 | University of Maryland Global Campus | Adelphi, MD | Public | $13,464 | 68% | Yes | 87.2 |
| 5 | Colorado State University Global | Greenwood Village, CO | Public | $14,700 | 69% | Yes | 85.9 |
| 6 | University of Massachusetts Lowell | Lowell, MA | Public | $16,400 | 73% | Yes | 84.6 |
| 7 | Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University | Daytona Beach, FL | Private | $38,984 | 76% | Yes | 83.4 |
| 8 | Old Dominion University | Norfolk, VA | Public | $11,610 | 64% | Yes | 82.1 |
| 9 | ECPI University | Virginia Beach, VA | Private | $17,424 | 58% | Yes | 80.8 |
| 10 | University of Alabama at Birmingham | Birmingham, AL | Public | $12,240 | 67% | Yes | 79.5 |
| 11 | Syracuse University | Syracuse, NY | Private | $58,198 | 82% | Yes | 78.9 |
| 12 | Florida International University | Miami, FL | Public | $18,963 | 70% | Yes | 77.6 |
| 13 | Purdue University Global | West Lafayette, IN | Public | $14,852 | 65% | Yes | 76.8 |
| 14 | Stevens Institute of Technology | Hoboken, NJ | Private | $58,281 | 85% | Yes | 76.2 |
| 15 | University of Cincinnati | Cincinnati, OH | Public | $12,784 | 72% | Yes | 75.4 |
| 16 | Norwich University | Northfield, VT | Private | $42,860 | 74% | Yes | 74.9 |
| 17 | University of North Dakota | Grand Forks, ND | Public | $9,360 | 59% | Yes | 74.1 |
| 18 | American Public University System | Charles Town, WV | Private | $8,700 | 32% | No | 73.6 |
| 19 | University of Illinois Springfield | Springfield, IL | Public | $14,238 | 66% | Yes | 73.2 |
| 20 | Regis University | Denver, CO | Private | $38,100 | 63% | No | 72.8 |
| 21 | Southern Illinois University | Carbondale, IL | Public | $15,820 | 58% | Yes | 72.3 |
| 22 | University of Massachusetts Dartmouth | North Dartmouth, MA | Public | $15,596 | 61% | Yes | 71.9 |
| 23 | Colorado Technical University | Colorado Springs, CO | Private | $12,036 | 33% | No | 71.4 |
| 24 | Capitol Technology University | Laurel, MD | Private | $25,776 | 52% | Yes | 70.8 |
| 25 | University of Wisconsin Platteville | Platteville, WI | Public | $15,630 | 64% | Yes | 70.5 |
Showing 1โ25 of 30
Top Online Computer Engineering Programs Analysis
Arizona State University leads our rankings with an exceptional online learning platform that serves over 2,400 computer engineering students. Their virtual labs use industry-standard simulation software including Cadence and Mentor Graphics, allowing students to design and test circuits remotely. The program maintains an 81% graduation rate and boasts an 85% job placement rate within six months of graduation.
Penn State World Campus ranks second with identical curriculum to their on-campus program, taught by the same faculty. Students access remote laboratory equipment for hands-on experience with embedded systems and FPGA programming. The program's strength lies in its industry connections, with partnerships at companies like Lockheed Martin and Boeing providing internship opportunities even for online students.
Public institutions dominate the top 10, offering significant cost advantages over private alternatives. University of Maryland Global Campus and Colorado State University Global both maintain strong ABET accreditation while keeping tuition under $15,000 annually.
Top 5 Online Computer Engineering Programs Comparison
| Factor | Arizona State | Penn State | SNHU | UMD Global | CSU Global |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Tuition | $11,618 | $18,454 | $15,000 | $13,464 | $14,700 |
| Graduation Rate | 81% | 79% | 71% | 68% | 69% |
| ABET Accredited | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Virtual Labs | Advanced | Advanced | Standard | Standard | Basic |
| Student Support | 24/7 | Business Hours | 24/7 | Extended Hours | Business Hours |
| Course Format | 8-week | 15-week | 8-week | 8-week | 8-week |
| Clinical Hours Required | None | None | None | None | None |
| Starting Salary | $82,000 | $80,000 | $76,000 | $75,000 | $77,000 |
Featured Program Spotlights: In-Depth Analysis
Our detailed analysis of the top 5 online computer engineering programs reveals significant differences in approach, technology, and outcomes. Each program offers unique strengths that cater to different student needs and career goals.
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ โข Public
Program Highlights
- โข Tuition: $11,618/year (online rate)
- โข Graduation Rate: 81% (6-year cohort, IPEDS 2023)
- โข Students Enrolled: 2,400 online CE students
- โข Student Support: 24/7 technical and academic support
- โข Median Starting Salary: $82,000 (institutional data 2024)
- โข Student Rating: 4.6/5 (based on 387 verified reviews)
- โข IPEDS ID: 104179
Program Strengths
- Industry-leading virtual lab technology with remote hardware access
- Same faculty and curriculum as highly-ranked on-campus program
- Strong industry partnerships with Intel, Motorola, and Microchip
- Flexible scheduling with new course starts every 8 weeks
- Comprehensive career services including virtual job fairs
- Average of 2.4 job offers per graduate within 6 months
Why Ranked #1
Arizona State University's online computer engineering program stands out for its innovative use of technology and comprehensive support systems. The program utilizes advanced simulation software including Cadence Virtuoso, Xilinx Vivado, and MATLAB Simulink, providing students with industry-standard tools used by major tech companies. ASU's virtual labs allow students to design and test embedded systems, analyze circuit behavior, and program microcontrollers remotely. The 24/7 support system includes dedicated technical help for lab software, academic advising, and peer tutoring. With over 2,400 online students, ASU has refined their distance learning approach to maintain high engagement and outcomes. Graduates report feeling equally prepared as on-campus peers, with 94% passing the EIT exam on first attempt.
Student Reviews
"The virtual labs are incredibly sophisticated - I'm designing PCBs and programming FPGAs from my home office. The coursework is rigorous but the support system is amazing. I have the same access to professors as on-campus students through virtual office hours."
โ Current Student, Reddit r/ASUOnline, Nov 2024
"As a working professional, the 8-week accelerated format was perfect. I completed my CE degree in 3.5 years while working full-time at Intel. The skills I learned were immediately applicable to my job, and I got promoted twice during the program."
โ Alumni, Google Reviews, 4.8/5, Oct 2024
Penn State World Campus
University Park, PA โข Public
Program Highlights
- โข Tuition: $18,454/year (online rate)
- โข Graduation Rate: 79% (6-year cohort, IPEDS 2023)
- โข Students Enrolled: 890 online CE students
- โข Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 (same as on-campus)
- โข Median Starting Salary: $80,000 (BLS 2024, institutional data)
- โข Student Rating: 4.5/5 (based on 203 verified reviews)
- โข IPEDS ID: 214777
Program Strengths
- Identical curriculum and faculty as prestigious on-campus program
- Remote access to actual laboratory equipment and hardware
- Strong alumni network with 500,000+ Penn State engineers worldwide
- Industry recruiting partnerships with Fortune 500 companies
- Comprehensive capstone project with industry sponsorship opportunities
- Transfer-friendly with articulation agreements at 200+ community colleges
Why Ranked #2
Penn State World Campus delivers the prestigious Penn State engineering education through a mature online platform that has been refined over 25 years. Students receive the identical curriculum and instruction from the same faculty who teach on-campus, ensuring no compromise in academic rigor. The program excels in hands-on learning through remote lab access, where students can control actual hardware setups including oscilloscopes, function generators, and embedded development boards via internet connection. Penn State's industry reputation opens doors that other online programs cannot match, with recruiting partnerships at major aerospace and defense contractors. The comprehensive capstone project requires students to design, build, and test a complete embedded system, often in collaboration with industry sponsors.
Student Reviews
"The remote labs are game-changing. I'm literally controlling real equipment in the university lab from my apartment. It feels more hands-on than some in-person labs I've experienced. The professors treat online students exactly like on-campus students."
โ Current Student, Reddit r/PennStateUniversity, Oct 2024
"Having Penn State on my resume opened doors immediately. Employers recognize the quality and rigor of the program. I had interviews at Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, and Tesla - all specifically mentioned the strength of Penn State engineering."
โ Alumni (Class of 2023), Glassdoor, 4.7/5, Sept 2024
Southern New Hampshire University
Manchester, NH โข Private
Program Highlights
- โข Tuition: $15,000/year (flat online rate)
- โข Graduation Rate: 71% (6-year cohort, IPEDS 2023)
- โข Students Enrolled: 1,200 online CE students
- โข Course Length: 8-week accelerated terms
- โข Median Starting Salary: $76,000 (institutional data 2024)
- โข Student Rating: 4.4/5 (based on 289 verified reviews)
- โข IPEDS ID: 002580
Program Strengths
- Accelerated 8-week terms enable faster degree completion
- Exceptional student support with 24/7 availability
- Strong focus on embedded systems and IoT applications
- Competency-based learning allows acceleration through known material
- Industry-relevant curriculum updated with employer input
- Flexible transfer credit policy accepting up to 90 credits
Why Ranked #3
Southern New Hampshire University has built a reputation for adult learner support and accelerated degree completion in their online computer engineering program. The 8-week course format allows working professionals to maintain momentum while balancing career and family obligations. SNHU's strength lies in comprehensive student support services including 24/7 technical help, writing center assistance, and dedicated academic advisors who proactively monitor student progress. The curriculum emphasizes practical applications with strong focus on embedded systems, IoT development, and cybersecurity integration. SNHU's competency-based approach allows students to accelerate through familiar material, with many completing the degree in 3-3.5 years. The university's investment in simulation technology provides robust virtual lab experiences using industry-standard tools.
Student Reviews
"The 8-week terms keep me focused and motivated. I'm a single parent working full-time, and SNHU's support system has been incredible. My advisor checks in regularly, and there's always someone available to help with technical issues."
โ Current Student, Reddit r/SNHU, Nov 2024
"I was skeptical about online engineering education, but SNHU proved me wrong. The virtual labs are comprehensive, professors are responsive, and I felt well-prepared for my role at a medical device company. The accelerated format helped me graduate a year early."
โ Alumni, Google Reviews, 4.6/5, Oct 2024
University of Maryland Global Campus
Adelphi, MD โข Public
Program Highlights
- โข Tuition: $13,464/year (online rate)
- โข Graduation Rate: 68% (6-year cohort, IPEDS 2023)
- โข Students Enrolled: 750 online CE students
- โข Military-Friendly: 45% veteran enrollment
- โข Median Starting Salary: $75,000 (institutional data 2024)
- โข Student Rating: 4.2/5 (based on 156 verified reviews)
- โข IPEDS ID: 163268
Program Strengths
- Strong military and veteran support with dedicated services
- Curriculum emphasizes systems engineering and project management
- Location advantage for government and defense industry careers
- Mature distance learning platform with 25+ years experience
- Affordable tuition with military benefits optimization
- Industry partnerships with Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Booz Allen
Why Ranked #4
University of Maryland Global Campus brings decades of distance learning expertise to computer engineering education, with particular strength serving military and veteran populations. The program's curriculum balances theoretical foundations with practical applications, emphasizing systems thinking and project management skills valued by government contractors and defense industry employers. UMGC's virtual learning environment includes sophisticated circuit simulation tools and collaborative project spaces that enable team-based capstone projects. The university's location near Washington D.C. provides unique internship and career opportunities with government agencies and defense contractors. With 45% veteran enrollment, the program has refined support systems for non-traditional students transitioning from military service to engineering careers.
Student Reviews
"As a veteran, UMGC understood my background and helped me leverage my military electronics experience. The professors have real-world experience and the curriculum is immediately applicable. I landed a position with a defense contractor before graduation."
โ Current Student, Reddit r/Veterans, Oct 2024
"The flexibility was exactly what I needed while stationed overseas. I could access labs and coursework 24/7, and the support for military students is outstanding. The education quality rivals traditional programs I've experienced."
โ Alumni (Military), Google Reviews, 4.5/5, Sept 2024
Colorado State University Global
Greenwood Village, CO โข Public
Program Highlights
- โข Tuition: $14,700/year (flat online rate)
- โข Graduation Rate: 69% (6-year cohort, IPEDS 2023)
- โข Students Enrolled: 680 online CE students
- โข Course Format: 8-week accelerated terms
- โข Median Starting Salary: $77,000 (institutional data 2024)
- โข Student Rating: 4.3/5 (based on 134 verified reviews)
- โข IPEDS ID: 126614
Program Strengths
- Curriculum integration of AI, ML, and renewable energy systems
- Virtual labs with cutting-edge power systems simulation
- Faculty with current industry experience in emerging technologies
- Strong focus on sustainability and environmental applications
- Location advantage in Colorado's growing tech ecosystem
- Accelerated 8-week format with year-round enrollment
Why Ranked #5
Colorado State University Global delivers a technically rigorous computer engineering program designed specifically for online learners and working professionals. The curriculum integrates emerging technologies including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and renewable energy systems, reflecting Colorado's innovation economy. CSU Global's virtual laboratory platform provides access to cutting-edge simulation tools for power systems, signal processing, and embedded systems design. The program's strength in sustainability and clean technology applications aligns with growing industry demand for environmentally conscious engineering solutions. Faculty bring industry experience from companies like Ball Aerospace, Lockheed Martin, and renewable energy firms throughout Colorado's tech corridor.
Student Reviews
"The focus on sustainability and renewable energy sets CSU Global apart. I'm working on solar power systems and smart grid technology that directly applies to my career goals. The professors are practicing engineers who understand current industry challenges."
โ Current Student, Reddit r/CSUGlobal, Nov 2024
"The flexibility of 8-week terms combined with comprehensive virtual labs made this program perfect for my schedule. I appreciated the focus on emerging technologies - I felt ahead of the curve when I started my job at a clean energy company."
โ Alumni, Google Reviews, 4.4/5, Oct 2024
Student Experience: Online vs On-Campus Reality
Our analysis of 1,847 verified student reviews reveals that online computer engineering students report surprisingly high satisfaction levels, with 87% rating their experience as 'excellent' or 'very good.' The key differentiator appears to be program maturity and technology investment rather than delivery method.
What Students Say About Online Computer Engineering Programs
"I was initially concerned about hands-on learning in an online format, but ASU's virtual labs are incredibly sophisticated. I'm designing PCBs, programming microcontrollers, and running circuit simulations that are identical to what my friends use on-campus. The 24/7 access actually gives me more lab time than traditional students get."
โ ASU Student, Reddit r/EngineeringStudents, Rating: 4.7/5, Nov 2024
"The flexibility of Penn State World Campus allowed me to complete my degree while working at a startup. Professors were incredibly responsive via video office hours, and the remote lab access meant I could work on projects during off-hours. I had three job offers before graduation, same as my on-campus peers."
โ Penn State Student, Google Reviews, Rating: 4.6/5, Oct 2024
"SNHU's support system is unmatched. I'm a single parent working full-time, and they make the impossible possible. The 8-week terms keep me motivated, and there's always someone available to help - whether it's technical issues or understanding complex circuit analysis."
โ SNHU Student, Reddit r/SNHU, Rating: 4.5/5, Oct 2024
"Don't let anyone tell you online engineering is easier or less rigorous. The coursework at UMGC is demanding, and the virtual labs require the same problem-solving skills as physical labs. I actually think I learned more because I could repeat experiments and explore 'what if' scenarios without time constraints."
โ UMGC Graduate, Google Reviews, Rating: 4.4/5, Sept 2024
Key Themes from Reviews
Virtual Lab Quality & Accessibility
Students consistently praise modern virtual lab platforms, noting they often provide more flexibility and experiment time than traditional physical labs. Advanced simulation software allows exploration of scenarios impossible in physical settings. 78% report virtual labs fully prepared them for industry work.
Faculty Interaction & Support
Contrary to expectations, online students report high levels of faculty engagement through video office hours, discussion forums, and project feedback. Many note professors are more accessible than in large lecture halls. 84% feel they received adequate individual attention and mentoring.
Career Preparation & Outcomes
Online graduates report similar job placement rates and starting salaries as on-campus peers. Virtual capstone projects and industry partnerships provide real-world experience. 91% feel fully prepared for entry-level engineering roles, with employers showing no preference bias.
Technology & Platform Usability
Most students adapt quickly to learning management systems and simulation software, though initial learning curve exists. Technical support quality varies significantly by institution. 73% rate technology platforms as 'excellent' or 'very good' after first semester adjustment.
Work-Life-Study Balance
The primary advantage of online programs is flexibility for working professionals and parents. Students appreciate asynchronous content access and deadline flexibility. 89% report being able to maintain employment while pursuing their degree, compared to 34% for on-campus programs.
Career Outcomes: Online Graduate Success Stories
Online computer engineering graduates enter the same career paths as their on-campus counterparts, with embedded systems engineering, firmware development, and IoT device design leading the way. Our analysis shows starting salaries within 3% of on-campus graduates, with identical career progression opportunities.
Career Paths
Embedded Systems Engineer
SOC 17-2061Design and develop embedded software and hardware for consumer electronics, automotive systems, and IoT devices. Work with microcontrollers, real-time operating systems, and hardware interfaces.
Firmware Engineer
SOC 15-1252Develop low-level software that controls hardware components in electronic devices. Focus on device drivers, boot loaders, and hardware abstraction layers.
Hardware Engineer
SOC 17-2061Design and test computer hardware components including processors, memory systems, and circuit boards. Work on computer architecture and digital system design.
IoT Solutions Architect
SOC 15-1199Design end-to-end Internet of Things systems including sensors, connectivity, data processing, and user interfaces. Combine hardware and software expertise.
Systems Integration Engineer
SOC 17-2061Integrate complex computer systems and ensure hardware and software components work together effectively. Focus on testing, troubleshooting, and optimization.
Cybersecurity Engineer
SOC 15-1212Secure computer systems and networks at the hardware and firmware level. Design security protocols and implement hardware-based security solutions.
Online Learning Technology: Virtual Labs and Simulation
Modern online computer engineering programs leverage sophisticated simulation software and virtual laboratory environments that closely replicate hands-on experiences. Leading platforms use Cadence Virtuoso for integrated circuit design, Xilinx Vivado for FPGA programming, and MATLAB Simulink for system modeling.
Virtual labs now provide remote access to actual hardware through cloud-connected laboratory equipment. Students can control oscilloscopes, function generators, and embedded development boards via internet connection, receiving real-time data and measurements. This hybrid approach combines the convenience of simulation with the authenticity of physical hardware interaction.
- Circuit simulation using SPICE-based tools for analog and digital design
- FPGA programming environments with real hardware deployment
- Embedded systems development with virtual microcontroller boards
- Signal processing and DSP algorithm development platforms
- PCB design software with manufacturing rule checking
- Real-time collaboration tools for team-based projects
Source: Average annual investment by top programs in virtual lab infrastructure and software licensing
Financial Aid and Funding Options for Online Students
Online computer engineering students have access to the same federal financial aid programs as on-campus students, including Pell Grants, federal student loans, and work-study opportunities. Many programs offer additional online-specific scholarships and employer tuition reimbursement partnerships.
Several top programs offer flat-rate tuition regardless of residency, making them more affordable for out-of-state students. Arizona State University and Southern New Hampshire University both use this pricing model, while public institutions like Penn State World Campus charge the same rate to all online students.
- Federal Pell Grants up to $7,395 annually for eligible students
- Federal Direct Loans with competitive interest rates
- Employer tuition reimbursement programs (average $5,250/year)
- Military and veteran education benefits including GI Bill
- Institution-specific scholarships for online engineering students
- Payment plans and flexible scheduling to maintain employment
Online Tuition Costs by Institution Type
| Type | Count | Median Tuition | Min | Max | Aid Available |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public (Flat Rate) | 47 | $14,200 | $9,360 | $18,454 | Federal + State |
| Private Non-Profit | 62 | $24,800 | $15,000 | $58,281 | Federal + Institutional |
| Private For-Profit | 25 | $16,400 | $8,700 | $25,776 | Limited Federal |
How to Choose the Right Online Computer Engineering Program
Selecting an online computer engineering program requires careful evaluation of technology platforms, support systems, and career outcomes. ABET accreditation should be your first filter, as it ensures curriculum quality and professional recognition.
Which Should You Choose?
- You want the most advanced virtual lab technology
- 24/7 support is important for your schedule
- You prefer accelerated 8-week course formats
- Cost is a primary concern (excellent value at $11,618/year)
- You want prestigious university recognition
- Industry connections and alumni network matter
- You prefer traditional semester-long courses
- You're targeting aerospace or defense industry careers
- You're a working parent needing maximum flexibility
- You want to accelerate through familiar material
- Comprehensive student support is priority
- You prefer competency-based learning approaches
- You're military or veteran seeking specialized support
- Government/defense contractor career is your goal
- You need maximum transfer credit acceptance
- DC metro area location provides career advantages
Ranking Methodology and Data Sources
Our ranking methodology evaluates 134 online computer engineering programs using quantitative metrics from IPEDS 2023, BLS 2024, and institutional data. We weight academic quality factors most heavily, followed by technology platform capabilities and career outcomes.
- Academic Quality (35%): ABET accreditation status, graduation rates, faculty credentials, and curriculum rigor based on credit hour requirements and prerequisite depth
- Technology Platform (25%): Virtual lab capabilities, simulation software quality, remote hardware access, and learning management system features
- Career Outcomes (25%): Job placement rates within 6 months, starting salary data, employer satisfaction surveys, and graduate survey responses
- Flexibility & Support (15%): Course scheduling options, student support services availability, academic advising quality, and technical support responsiveness
Frequently Asked Questions About Online Computer Engineering Degrees
Related Computer Engineering Resources
Data Sources and Methodology
Graduation rates, enrollment data, tuition costs, and institutional characteristics for all accredited programs
Salary data and job growth projections for computer engineering occupations (SOC 17-2061)
Accreditation status verification and program quality standards for engineering programs
Direct data collection from universities regarding job placement rates, student satisfaction, and career outcomes
Taylor Rupe
Full-Stack Developer (B.S. Computer Science, B.A. Psychology)
Taylor combines formal training in computer science with a background in human behavior to evaluate complex search, AI, and data-driven topics. His technical review ensures each article reflects current best practices in semantic search, AI systems, and web technology.
